美国的学位分类很细,各种名字让人看的眼花缭乱。拿硕士举例,除了常规的MA和MS,还有像MFA, MEd, MEng, MSW, MArch这样的学位,今天拿出来和大家分享一下。
Providence, RI where Brown and RISD locate
引入一个概念,Terminal Degree,我们暂时管它叫做终极学位,这个概念主要应用于美国,在国内很少被谈起。一般来讲,Terminal Degree指的是某一领域授予的最高学位,一般来讲,博士学位被广泛认可为终极学位。但是也有一些例外,比如MFA是最典型的Master终极学位,在艺术创作领域,MFA是最高级的学位,并不存在DFA这样的学位。还有一类,就是像MEd,MEng这样的学位,也可以称作终极学位,可以归纳为不以继续博士学术研究为目的的职业导向硕士,在专业领域就是最高学位了。有个特别的是,MBA也普遍认为是Terminal Degree,职业为导向,类似MD, JD,而DBA的话更多的就是理论学术研究了。
举例,MS in Computer Engineering和MEng in Computer Engineering
都是Computer Engineering硕士,通常来讲,MS对于想将来攻读博士的学生更为合适,MEng对于想直接进入职场的学生更为合适,算是工程类的Terminal Degree,不以科研为目的。在后续申请博士的时候,对于硕士水平研究的认可程度还是看课程设置的,这在不同学校也有不同的自我设定。比如,Boston University的Engineering Department同时开设这两个学位,而且都有着同样的描述:
Texa A&M的Engineering 也同时开设这两个学位,但是有着明确的不同的描述:
在美国,本科毕业是可以直接申请博士的,当然了,科研能力得到位,读个硕士来过渡也是正常的。另外,如果本科毕业直接申请了博士,读了一半又觉得不想读了,是可以申请拿硕士学位离开的,当然了,是要满足硕士的毕业要求的。
常见职业类学位
Business:
Accountant (MAcc, MAcy, MSAcy)
Business Manager (MBA)
Design:
Architect (B.Arch, M.Arch, D.Arch)
Architectural Engineer (B.A.E, M.A.E)
Landscape Architect (BLArch)
Urban Planning (MPLAN, MCRP, MUP, MCP, MCD, MURP)
Education:
BEd, BA, BME, BSE, BSocSc, BSc
Engineer:
BE, BEng, MEng, BSE, BScEng, BASc
Healthcare:
Acupuncturist (MAcOM, DAcOM)
Advanced Practice Nurse (DNP, DNAP, DNS, DNSc)
Audiologist (MS, AuD)
Health Administrator (MHA)
Mental Health Counselor (MA, MSc, PhD)
Dentist (DMD, BDent, DDS, BDS, BDSc, BChD, CD, Cand.Odont., Dr.Med.Dent.)
Midwife (BMid, BScMid)
Nurse (BSN, BSc)
Occupational Therapist (OTD, DrOT, MSOT, MA, MOT)
Optometrist (OD, B.Optom)
Pharmacist (BPharm, BScPhm, PharmB, MPharm, PharmD)
Physical Therapist (DPT, DPhysio, MPT, MSPT, MPhysio, BSPT, BPT, BPhysio)
Physician or Surgeon (M.D., D.O., MBBS, MDCM, MBChB, BMed, Dr.Med, Dr.MuD, Cand.med).
Physician Assistant (MPAS, MPS, MS, PGDip)
Podiatrist (DPM, DP, PodD, BPod, PodB)
Psychologist (PhD, PsyD, ClinPsyD or EdS)
Radiation Therapist (BSc, BRad)
Radiographer (BSc, BMRSc, BRad)
Scientist (BSc, BS)
Social Worker (BSW, BA, BSc)
Speech and Language Therapist (MA, MS)
Veterinarian (DVM, VMD, BVS, BVSc, BVMS)
Lawyer: LL.B., J.D.
Minister: MDiv
职业类高级学位
Education:
MEd, MAT, MT, EdS
Engineering:
MEng, MASc, MMSc, PD
Healthcare:
Acupuncture (DAcOM)
Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN: CRNA, NP, CNM, CNS) (DNP, DNAP, DNS, DNSc)
Biotechnology (ALM)
Dental Science (DDSc, Dr.Odont)
Dentistry (MDS, MSD, MDSc, or DClinDent)
Medicine (MD)
Midwifery (MMid, MScMid)
Surgery (MS, MSurg, MCh, ChM, or MChir)
Psychology (PsyD)
Social Science (PhD, DPhil)
Social Work (MSW, DSW, ProfD or PhD)
Lawyer: LLM, SJD, PhD
Ministry: DMin
Public Policy: MPP
http://weixin.qq.com/r/h0QsNNHEeowFrZVX9xGV(二维码自动识别)