一起来总结一下英语重要功能词that的用法。
英语中有一类词汇，它们本身的词义并不丰富，但是却在语法中扮演重要角色，这类词汇就是功能词（Function Word）。在传统语法中也叫“虚词”，通常包括连词、代词、限定词、介词等等。
而that就是其中一个极为重要的功能词，它在英语句子中出现频率很高，用法灵活，这也让很多小伙伴有些头疼，对于that 的用法感到迷糊。
所以，这篇文章，我们一起对that 的用法进行一个全面总结归纳。
首先，考考大家。小伙伴们看看下面这五个句子，说说that在这些句子中的用法吧！
1. Please pass me that green cup over there.
2. That's Peter over there.
3. She picked up the book that she had left on the bed.
4. I admit that I was wrong.
5. He's too young to walk that far.
怎么样？小伙伴们看出that 在这些句子中的不同作用了吗？
接下来让我们一起详细分析。
一、 第一个句子：Please pass me that green cup over there.
此处的that是一个限定词用法（Determiner），意思很简单，就是“那个”，它后面通常跟单数名词。限定词that 的复数形式为those。
更多例子：
Look at that man over there.
How much are those apples at the back?
I was living with his parents at that time.
That incident changed our lives.
Have you forgotten about that money I lent you last month?
That dress of hers is too short.
二、 第二个句子：That's Peter over there.
此处的that是指示代词的用法（Demonstrative Pronoun）。小伙伴们通过观察可以发现，作指示代词时，that后面是不跟名词的。它的意思是“那个东西、那个人或那件事等”。它的复数形式也是those。
这个用法很常见，很普遍，大家注意积累例句：
Who's that?
That’s Tom in the white shirt, isn’t it?
That's a nice dress.
Those look riper than these.
What can I do about that?
Do you remember when we went to London? That was a good trip.
That's exactly what we think.
三、第三个句子： She picked up the book that she had left on the bed.
此处的that是关系代词的用法（Relative Pronoun）。关系代词that用于引导关系分句（relative clauses）。可能很多小伙伴对关系分句这个术语比较陌生，其实在很多现代英语语法著作中，均采用关系分句这个术语，例如剑桥英语语法等。形容词性关系分句在传统语法中又可叫做“定语从句”。
当然小伙伴不用纠结这些语言学术语，我们重点是学习用法。
一说起定语从句，相信很多小伙伴就感到豁然开朗了，这个that的用法可是我们中学时代学习的重点，它可以充当关系分句的主语、宾语或主语补语。用于替代who, whom or which，指人或指物。特别是它在作宾语时候可省略。这些规则小伙伴一定非常熟悉了。我们再来背诵一些例句：
Where's the letter that came yesterday?
The watch (that) you gave me keeps perfect time.
The people (that) I spoke to were very helpful.
It’s the best novel (that) I’ve ever read.
He still talks like the man (that) he was ten years ago.
四、第四个句子：I admit that I was wrong.
此处是that的连词用法（Conjunction）。that引导的分句被称作“that-分句”。名词性that-分句相当于名词词组的作用，能在句子中充当主语，宾语，主语补语（表语），同位语等。
That no one remembered her birthday left Mary very depressed.（分句作主语）
She said (that) the story was true.（分句作宾语）
The fact is that she didn’t notice the car till too late.（分句作主语补语）
The fact that she’s older than me is not relevant. （分句作同位语）
另外，名词性that-分句还可以跟在形容词后面。
Are you certain that the man in the car was Mike?
She seemed pleased that I wanted to continue.
I’m sorry that I missed the first meeting.
五、第五个句子：He's too young to walk that far.
此处的that是副词用法（Adverb）。用在形容词或是副词之前，表示程度的“那么，那样”，亦有强调的意味。
If they are that close, they will be here in minutes.
It wasn't all that good.
It's not quite that easy.
There aren't that many people here.
综上，英语中的功能词that主要有五种用法，可作限定词、指示代词、关系代词、连词以及副词等。关于这些用法的区别，小伙伴需要对照例句进行学习理解。
再次强调，英语语法学习不要死记硬背规则，而是要理解，掌握用法。词性的划分是为了帮助大家理清用法，以便于进行句子分析。
出处：头条号 @丸子爱学习
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