迈克尔·克雷默（Michael Kremer）、阿比吉特·班纳吉（Abhijit Banerjee）和埃丝特·迪弗洛（Esther Duflo）在20年前采取实证法研究发展经济学，促使这个领域发生了巨大的变化，为此于10月14日共同获得2019年诺贝尔奖（Nobel Prize）的经济学奖Economic Sciences）。

瑞典皇家科学院（Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences）发表声明表示，“该奖得主的研究结果以及追随他们的脚步进行的各类研究，大大改进了我们抗击贫困的实际能力。”

克雷默是哈佛大学（Harvard University）教授。出生在印度的班纳吉和出生在法国的迪弗洛是麻省理工学院（Massachusetts Institute of Technology）教授。

克雷默、班纳吉和迪弗洛的研究考察了造成贫困的各种因素，例如教育水平低下、儿童健康不佳等，然后进行精确的实验性分析，了解每一个因素对受到影响的人口所起的作用。根据其中一项研究的直接结果，印度有500多万儿童在学校成功地接受了补救性辅导。

诺贝尔奖的经济学奖于1968年由瑞典中央银行（Sweden’s central bank）为纪念诺贝尔奖创始人阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔（Alfred Nobel）创立。

美国科学家还获得2019年诺贝尔奖的化学奖、物理学奖和医学奖。

2019 Nobel Prize winners: Economic Sciences

Michael Kremer, Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo devised an experimental approach to development economics two decades ago that transformed the discipline. On October 14 the three economists won the 2019 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences.

“The Laureates’ research findings — and those of the researchers following in their footsteps — have dramatically improved our ability to fight poverty in practice,” the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said in a statement.

Kremer is a professor at Harvard University. Banerjee and Duflo, both professors at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, were born in India and France, respectively.

Kremer, Banerjee and Duflo’s approach involves breaking poverty into components such as low education or poor child health and developing precise experiments to understand each component’s impact on affected populations. As a direct result of one such study, more than 5 million Indian children have received successful remedial tutoring in schools.

The Prize in Economic Sciences was established in 1968 by Sweden’s central bank, in memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prizes.

Americans also won 2019 Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, Physics and Medicine.

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