不久前,白宫宣布全美新冠肺炎死亡人数达100万。100万条逝去的生命,就这样成了“悲剧性的里程碑(grim milestone)”。短短两年,新冠肺炎疫情在全美暴发并快速蔓延,美国政府难辞其咎,越来越多的知情者开始反思和批评其在疫情初期一系列令人匪夷所思的操作。
近日,据多家美媒报道,前任白宫新冠病毒工作组协调员黛博拉·伯克斯博士(Deborah Birx)出版书籍《无声的入侵:特朗普政府和新冠疫情揭秘,以及如何及时预防下一轮疫情》(Silent Invasion: The Untold Story of the Trump Administration, COVID-19, and Preventing the Next Pandemic Before It's Too Late),揭露特朗普政府抗疫不力的内幕。
Deborah Birx, who served as White House coronavirus response coordinator under former US president Donald Trump, has published a book detailing how the Trump administration failed in its response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
黛博拉·伯克斯博士的《无声的入侵:特朗普政府和新冠疫情揭秘,以及如何及时预防下一轮疫情》
在书中,黛博拉细数面对疫情时,特朗普政府淡化危害、数据收集滞后、未能认识无症状传播的重要性、反智误导等内幕,直指特朗普政府是美疫情肆虐的罪魁祸首。
特朗普边听汇报边看电视
面对新冠肺炎疫情,特朗普本人曾在推特上将之与普通流感相提并论。
在黛博拉看来,特朗普政府及其本人对新冠肺炎疫情毫无准备(unprepared for the pandemic),甚至对疫情可能造成损害的相关预测反应冷淡。
Birx describes her first meeting with Trump, on March 2, 2020, when she tried to explain to him that the virus “is not the flu”. Trump listened for a minute, briefly challenged her, then literally changed the channel on one of the TV screens he had simultaneously been watching.
黛博拉回忆起2020年3月2日,她与特朗普的第一次会面,当时的她正试图向特朗普解释这种病毒“不是流感”。特朗普听了一分钟,简短地向她提出了异议,随后对着他一直盯着的一个电视屏幕换了台。
2020年4月22日,特朗普与黛博拉·伯克斯 图源:美联社
2020年3月加入工作组后,黛博拉发现美国在新冠肺炎病毒数据上的收集十分落后( "dangerously behind the eight ball" on data collection)。
In 2020, she wrote, data in some states was often being sent by fax and then passed along to the CDC.
已经2020年了,一些州的数据还常常是通过传真发送,然后再传递给美国疾病控制与预防中心的。
特朗普怒吼:病毒已经得到控制
疫情初期,特朗普政府将重点放在了有流感症状的患者身上,对无症状感染者的忽视造成了病毒的隐匿传播,也导致疫情迅速扩散。
在加入白宫团队之前,黛博拉就曾怀疑过无症状传播是导致新冠疫情迅速攀升的原因。
Birx wrote that even before she signed on to the White House team, she suspected that asymptomatic spread was contributing to the quick rise in COVID-19, although the evidence was slim.
随着纽约市的病例出现激增,这一观点也逐渐清晰。
黛博拉和特朗普 图源:美联社
2020年8月,当黛博拉在接受CNN采访时提到病毒“大规模地广泛传播”后,特朗普向她打去电话怒吼:“病毒已得到控制。”
After Birx told CNN in August 2020 that the virus was "extraordinarily widespread," Birx wrote, Trump called her and demanded the name of the person who booked the interview, saying "That's it! Do you understand me? Never again! The virus is under control."
在2020年8月黛博拉向CNN表示病毒已经“大规模地广泛传播”后,特朗普给黛博拉打了电话并询问了预订采访的人的姓名,他吼道,“这件事就到此为止!你明白吗?没有下一次了!病毒已经得到了控制。”
特朗普:病例多是因为检测多
彼时,缺乏有关新冠肺炎疫情清晰数据、没有意识到病毒在无症状患者之间隐匿传播的美国,迫切需要进行大规模的核酸检测。
特朗普政府拖沓的效率让黛博拉看到了最坏的情况。
Writing about a meeting with American COVID-19 testing manufacturers early in her tenure, Birx said that learning that the White House had dragged its feet on meeting with manufacturers, on top of limited tests and slow test processing, represented a "worst-case scenario."
黛博拉谈到了她任职初期与美国新冠肺炎核酸检测制造商的一次会面,在核酸检测有限且测试结果进程缓慢之外,她还得知白宫在与制造商的会面上也拖拖拉拉。这代表了“最坏的情况” 。
在工作组花费数十亿美元迅速扩大检测范围时,特朗普甚至将美国病例数很多归咎于大量的核酸检测。
Later on, Trump's rhetoric on testing shifted — he suggested that the United States had high case numbers because it tested so many people.
特朗普和黛博拉 图源:Getty Images
“试试注射消毒剂杀毒吧”
特朗普还提出过诸多反智言论。
2020年4月23日的白宫记者会上,美国国土安全部官员表示,新冠病毒在强光高温条件下,存活率会大幅降低;部分消毒液成分对杀死新冠病毒有较明显效果。
特朗普当即提出了一些“惊人”的治疗建议,其中包括“紫外线照射”、“注射消毒液(disinfectant)杀病毒”。
"So supposing we hit the body with a tremendous — whether it's ultraviolet or just a very powerful light — and I think you said that hasn't been checked. And then I said, supposing you brought the light inside the body, which you can do either through the skin or in some other way, and I think you said you're going to test that, too."
“假设我们把大量光线打到人的身上,不论是紫外线还是强光。我记得你说过这种方法还没有得到验证。然后我说,试想如果能把光线打到人体内,或者透过皮肤,或者通过其他方式,我记得你也说过要测试一下这种方法。”
"I see the disinfectant that knocks it out in a minute, one minute. And is there a way we can do something like that by injection inside or almost a cleaning? " Trump continued.
“我还发现消毒液能在一分钟内就杀死病毒,仅用一分钟。我们能不能想个,往人体内注射消毒液或者清洗一下人体?”特朗普继续说到。
在被特朗普问到“热和光是否能用来对付病毒”时,同在现场的黛博拉回应:“这并不能作为治疗手段(not as a treatment)……”
特朗普谈到治疗建议时黛博拉的表情
再度回忆起当天的场面,黛博拉表示想当场消失。
Birx froze, hands clenched on her lap. “I looked down at my feet and wished for two things: something to kick and for the floor to open up and swallow me whole.”
黛博拉僵住了,紧握的双手放在腿上。 “我低头看着我的脚,希望能发生两件事:有可以踢的东西;裂开个地缝,将我整个吞下去。”
自疫情暴发以来,美国新冠肺炎感染者的人数一再超过最坏预测。
5月21日,美国《大众科学》杂志(Popular Science)网站曾刊文称,美国目前的单日新冠肺炎死亡病例在300例左右,相当于全美每日车祸死亡人数的3倍。
参考来源:CNN 纽约时报 华盛顿邮报 大西洋月刊 名利场 abcNews 大众科学等
出处:中国日报双语新闻