Breakthrough mRNA vaccine developed for cancer immunotherapy by Chinese scientists

中国科学家开发的突破性mRNA疫苗用于癌症免疫治疗

Research involving messenger RNA (mRNA) has accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic, and scientists are now reporting a new vaccine for cancer immunotherapy.

在COVID-19大流行期间，涉及信使RNA（mRNA）的研究已经加速，科学家现在正在报告一种用于癌症免疫疗法的新疫苗。

Similar to vaccines, Chinese scientists have developed a new mRNA vaccine that activates the immune system to attack a protein made by tumour cells instead of the protein produced by the coronavirus.

与COVID-19疫苗相似，中国科学家开发了一种新的mRNA疫苗，该疫苗能够激活免疫系统，攻击肿瘤细胞产生的蛋白质，而不是冠状病毒产生的蛋白质。

Crucially, this mRNA is contained in a breakthrough hydrogel developed by the team from the Chinese National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, that, when injected into mice with melanoma, slowly released the RNA which successfully caused tumours to shrink and prevented them from metastasising.

至关重要的是，该mRNA包含在中国国家纳米科学技术中心研究小组开发的突破性水凝胶中，该水凝胶注入黑色素瘤小鼠体内后，缓慢释放该RNA，成功地导致肿瘤缩小并阻止了其转移。

Both of the COVID-19 vaccines developed by and use mRNA to send genetic instructions to the body's cells that result in them producing antibodies for the coronavirus without the virus actually being introduced to their body.

辉瑞/ BioNTech和莫德纳共同开发的两种COVID-19疫苗均使用mRNA将遗传指令发送至人体细胞，从而导致它们产生冠状病毒抗体，而实际上并未将病毒引入体内。

The mRNA cancer treatment, reported in the American Chemical Society's Nano Letters, works in a similar way - by entering antigen-presenting cells and making the tumour protein, triggering other immune cells to seek and destroy real tumour cells that also make this protein.

在美国化学学会的《纳米快报》上报道的mRNA癌症治疗以类似的方式起作用-通过进入抗原呈递细胞并制造肿瘤蛋白，触发其他免疫细胞寻找并破坏同样制造该蛋白的真实肿瘤细胞。

The challenge is that mRNA is generally a very unstable molecule that is quickly degraded by enzymes in the body.

挑战在于，mRNA通常是非常不稳定的分子，会被体内的酶迅速降解。

Scientists have tried using nanoparticles to protect the mRNA when it is delivered, but these particles are generally cleared from the body too quickly after injection - typically one or two days.

科学家们曾尝试使用纳米颗粒在mRNA到达时对其进行保护，但通常在注射后一到两天，这些粒子就会被从身体里清除出去。

评论翻译：

Please work out!

请努力！

I expect this technology to be a breakthrough for all sorts of hard to deal with viruses over the years, like Herpes, HIV, the Flu, etc.

我希望多年来，这项技术将成为各种难以处理的病毒的突破，例如疱疹，艾滋病毒，流感等。

It would make this pandemic worth it if we ended up with a technology to beat the big C because of it. Think custom mRNA vaccines tailored to the exact cancer a patient has.

如果我们最终因为这项技术而战胜了癌症，那将使这次疫情有所收获。考虑针对患者确切癌症量身的定制mRNA疫苗。

Note for clarity that we've been developing mRNA vaccine tech since the 1990s. The reason it helped us all here is a fortuitous coincidence that we took advantage of. The SARS-1 mRNA vaccine was already in trials, etc. We just needed to "swap out the payload" to Covid-19. :)If this had happened a few years ago, we'd all be getting old school retrovirus vaccinations.What I want to know is if maybe we could finally vaccinate against the common cold? The common cold is also a coronavirus and the mRNA vaccine for COVID-19 targets the spike protein in the virus. Could it be possible to target the spike protein in the common cold too?

为清楚起见，请注意，自1990年代以来我们一直在开发mRNA疫苗技术。SARS-1 mRNA疫苗已经在试验中，等等。我们只需要“交换有效载荷”到Covid-19。 :) 如果这是几年前发生的，我们所有人都会接种老式逆转录病毒疫苗。 我想知道的是，也许我们最终可以对普通感冒进行疫苗接种？普通感冒也是一种冠状病毒，COVID-19的mRNA疫苗靶向病毒中的刺突蛋白。也可以在普通感冒中靶向刺突蛋白吗？

This mRNA technology was originally designed for this application. The idea is to target cancers very precisely based on their genetics. It is because so much research and development on mRNA has been published that we were able to get two highly effective mRNA based coronavirus vaccines so quickly. That China is making progress with this is good, but it should be remembered that researchers in the US, UK, and Germany conceived this technology and are still in the lead.

此mRNA技术最初是为此应用设计的。这个想法是根据癌症的遗传学非常精确地靶向癌症。因为已经发表了许多有关mRNA的研究和开发，所以我们能够如此迅速地获得两种基于mRNA的高效冠状病毒疫苗。中国在此方面取得了进步，这是件好事，但应该记住，美国，英国和德国的研究人员已经构想了这项技术，并且仍处于领先地位。

Do you need protein folding research for this?

你需要蛋白质折叠相关的研究报告？

Probably not. You're giving the body a blue-print of the target protein, the body produces it and does the folding and the result is used by the immune system to learn what to attack.

I'm still amazed, when I think about it.

可能不需要。您为身体提供了目标蛋白的蓝图，由身体产生并进行折叠，最终被免疫系统用来攻击。 当我想到这个过程，仍然感到十分惊讶。

First time saying this in a while, but nice work China.

第一次说这句话，干得好中国。

Nice work Chinese scientists

干得好中国科学家

Nice work, scientists.

干得好科学家

出处：见配图水印